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Christian, R. (2022, September 15). Financial Literacy in the Black Community. Annuity.org. https://www.annuity.org/financial-literacy/black-community/
(2012) Public Housing Timeline, 1933–1993, Journal of the American Planning Association, 78:4, 359-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2012.738167
Diane Kuthy (2017) Redlining and Greenlining: Olivia Robinson Investigates Root Causes of Racial Inequity, Art Education, 70:1, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2017.1247573
Federal Housing Administration. (1938). Underwriting and valuation procedure under Title II of the National Housing Act. U.S. Government Printing Office. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Federal-Housing-Administration-Underwriting-Manual.pdf
Fehn, B. and Jefferson, R. (2010). North side revolutionaries in the civil rights struggle: The African American community in Des Moines and the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, 1948-1970. The Annals of Iowa, 69 (Winter 2010), 51-81. https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/annals-of-iowa/article/14696/galley/123095/view/
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Gary, T. (2003). The rise and fall of Center Street, 1945-1972. Retrieved from Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/entities/publication/41c9d945-8b7e-4e05-8766-c8a562362dcf
Gordon, C. (2019) Race in the heartland: Equity, opportunity and public policy in the Midwest. University of Iowa and Iowa Policy Project. https://files.epi.org/uploads/Race-in-the-Midwest-FINAL-Interactive-1.pdf
Gross, T. (2012, May 3). A ‘forgotten history’ of how the U.S. government segregated America. Fresh Air. https://www.npr.org/transcripts/526655831?storyId=526655831
Iowa PBS. The Story of the Ku Klux Klan in America and in Iowa. Iowa Pathways. https://www.iowapbs.org/iowapathways/mypath/2587/story-ku-klux-klan-america-and-iowa
Jan, T. (2018, March 28). Redlining was banned 50 years ago. It’s still hurting minorities today. The Washington Post.
Kevin A. Park & Roberto G. Quercia (2019): Who Lends Beyond the Red Line? The Community Reinvestment Act and the Legacy of Redlining, Housing Policy Debate. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2019.1665839
Kilovsky, K, Lim, K., and Taylor Williams, T. (2020) Creating the healthiest nation: Health and housing equity. American Public Health Association. https://www.apha.org/-/media/files/pdf/topics/equity/health_and_housing_equity.ashx?la=en&hash=FEDA5CD7041C72CBA783AB614E5EC20CAA040DCA
Landeck, K. (2019). The legacy of redlining and segregation on Des Moines, Iowa. Iowa State University Digital Repository. https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/entities/publication/8127799e-946a-421c-beb6-eab5bafae5b2
Nelson, Robert, et al. Mapping Inequality. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=12/41.604/-93.688&city=des-moines-ia&text=about
Parker, Honesty. (2011). African Americans of Des Moines and Polk County. Arcadia Publishing. https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9780738582962
Peter Dreier (2003) The Future of Community Reinvestment: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Environment , Journal of the American Planning Association, 69:4, 341-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360308976323
Rothstein, R. (2014). The racial achievement gap, segregated schools, and segregated neighborhoods – A constitutional insult. Race and Social Problems, 6(4). https://www.epi.org/publication/the-racial-achievement-gap-segregated-schools-and-segregated-neighborhoods-a-constitutional-insult/
Schuetz, J. (2017, December 8). Metro Areas are still racially segregated. The Avenue. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2017/12/08/metro-areas-are-still-racially-segregated/
Schwieder, Dorothy. (2002). "A Farmer and the Ku Klux Klan in Northwest Iowa." The Annals of Iowa 61 (2002), 286-320. https://doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.10596
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Sherman Hill Neighborhood Association. (n.d.). The history of Sherman Hill. Retrieved from Sherman Hill Neighborhood Association: https://www.shermanhilldsm.org/history/
Thessalenuere Hinnant-Bernard & Sue R. Crull (2004) Subprime Lending and Reverse Redlining, Housing and Society, 31:2, 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/08882746.2004.11430506
Vincent, Stephen. (2007). "Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism." The Annals of Iowa 66 (2007), 108-109. https://doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1103
Williams, A. and Emamdjomeh, A. (2018, May 10). America is more diverse than ever-but still segregated. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/national/segregation-us-cities/
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History of Federal Housing Programs
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Blakemore, E. (2023, June). How the GI Bill's promise was denied to a million Black WWII veterans. Retrieved from History.com: https://www.history.com/news/gi-bill-black-wwii-veterans-benefits
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Community Reinvestment Act of 1977. (2023, May). Retrieved from Federal Reserve History: https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/community-reinvestment-act
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Discrimination Against Minorities in the Federal Housing Programs. (1956). Retrieved from Indiana University Maurer School of Law Digital Repository: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2715&context=ilj
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Galyean, C. (n.d.). Levittown. Retrieved from U.S. History Scene: https://ushistoryscene.com/article/levittown/
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Home Owners Loan Act (1933). (2016, November). Retrieved from Living New Deal: https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/home-owners-loan-act-1933/
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Housing and Community Development Act of 1974. (1999). Retrieved from HUD Exchange: https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/2184/housing-and-community-development-hcd-act-of-1974/
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Legislative Summary: Housing. (n.d.). Retrieved from John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum: https://www.jfklibrary.org/archives/other-resources/legislative-summary/housing
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Low Income Housing Tax Credits. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Housing Law Project: https://www.nhlp.org/resource-center/low-income-housing-tax-credits/
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National Housing Act (1934). (2016, November). Retrieved from Living New Deal: https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/national-housing-act-1934/
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US Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). History of Fair Housing. Retrieved from US Department of Housing and Urban Development:
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/aboutfheo/history
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US Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Public Housing Reform Overview. Retrieved from US Department of Housing and Urban Development: https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/phr/about
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